The primary survey is typically performed in the following sequence:
1. Airway: - Ask the patient a question that requires a verbal response to assess airway patency. - Look for any signs of airway obstruction, such as gurgling or absence of breath sounds. - If necessary, use airway adjuncts like oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airways.
2. Breathing: - Observe the patient's chest movements. - Listen to breath sounds with a stethoscope. - Feel for air movement by placing a hand near the patient's nose and mouth.
3. Circulation: - Check for a central pulse (e.g., carotid in adults). - Assess capillary refill time and skin color. - Control any active bleeding through direct pressure or tourniquets if necessary.
4. Disability: - Determine the patient's level of consciousness using the AVPU scale. - Check for pupil response and motor function.
5. Exposure: - Remove clothing to reveal hidden injuries while preventing hypothermia. - Inspect for any signs of trauma, rashes, or other abnormalities.
