Crutches - Nursing Science

What Are Crutches?

Crutches are mobility aids used to support individuals who have difficulty walking due to injury, surgery, or chronic conditions. They help redistribute weight from the legs to the upper body, allowing for improved balance and reduced strain on the affected limb.

Types of Crutches

There are several types of crutches, each designed for different needs:

Axillary (underarm) crutches: The most common type, providing support under the arms.
Forearm (Lofstrand) crutches: These have a cuff that wraps around the forearm, offering more freedom of movement.
Platform crutches: Designed for those who cannot bear weight on their wrists or hands; these crutches have a horizontal platform for the forearm.

Indications for Use

Crutches are indicated for various conditions, including:

Post-surgical recovery: Especially after lower limb surgeries.
Fractures: To prevent weight-bearing on a broken leg or foot.
Sprains and strains: To aid in mobility while reducing pain.
Chronic conditions: Such as arthritis or cerebral palsy, where long-term support is needed.

Proper Fit and Adjustment

For crutches to be effective and safe, they must be properly fitted:

Adjust the crutch height so that the top is 1-2 inches below the armpit.
The handgrips should be at hip level, allowing a slight bend in the elbow.
Ensure the crutches are the correct length; this is typically measured from the armpit to the floor while the user is standing.

How to Use Crutches

Learning to use crutches correctly is crucial for safety and effectiveness. Here are some basic steps:

Position the crutches slightly forward and to the side of your feet.
Move the crutches forward as you step with the unaffected leg.
Shift your weight to the crutches and bring the affected leg forward.
Repeat the process, maintaining a stable rhythm.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Using crutches incorrectly can lead to discomfort or injury. Avoid these common mistakes:

Placing crutches too far forward, which can cause instability.
Leaning heavily on the armpits, which can cause nerve damage.
Not adjusting the crutches to the correct height.

Maintenance and Care

Regular maintenance of crutches can prolong their lifespan and ensure user safety:

Check for wear and tear on the rubber tips and replace them as needed.
Tighten any loose bolts or screws.
Clean the crutches regularly to prevent dirt and grime buildup.

Special Considerations

Certain populations may require special consideration when using crutches:

Children: Pediatric crutches are specifically designed for smaller frames.
Elderly: May require additional support and supervision.
Individuals with balance issues: May need additional training or alternative mobility aids.

Conclusion

Crutches are invaluable tools in nursing, aiding in the recovery and mobility of patients with various conditions. Proper fitting, usage, and maintenance are essential to ensure safety and effectiveness. By understanding the different types of crutches and their appropriate use, nurses can provide better care and support for their patients.