What is a Nasogastric Tube (NG Tube)?
A
nasogastric tube is a flexible tube that is inserted through the nose, down the esophagus, and into the stomach. It's commonly used in medical settings for a variety of purposes, including administering medication, providing nutrition, and removing stomach contents.
Indications for NG Tube Insertion
An NG tube is indicated for several conditions: Decompression of the stomach in cases of bowel obstruction or ileus.
Providing
enteral feeding for patients who cannot swallow.
Administering medications directly into the stomach.
Removing gastric contents in cases of poisoning or overdose.
Procedure for Inserting an NG Tube
Nurses must follow a specific procedure to ensure proper insertion: Gather all necessary equipment, including the NG tube, lubricant, and a syringe.
Explain the procedure to the patient to ensure they understand and consent.
Position the patient in a high
Fowler's position to facilitate insertion.
Measure the length of the tube from the tip of the nose to the earlobe and then to the xiphoid process.
Lubricate the tip of the tube and gently insert it through the nostril, advancing it slowly.
Once the tube is in place, verify its position by aspirating stomach contents or using an
X-ray.
Complications and How to Manage Them
Though generally safe, NG tube insertion can lead to complications: Nasal trauma or bleeding: Ensure proper lubrication and gentle insertion.
Aspiration: Verify tube placement before administering any substances.
Tube displacement: Secure the tube properly and monitor its position regularly.
Infection: Maintain sterile technique during insertion and care.
Patient Care and Monitoring
Ongoing care is crucial for patients with an NG tube: Check tube placement before each use to prevent complications.
Monitor for signs of infection or irritation around the insertion site.
Keep the tube patent by performing regular
flushing with saline solution.
Document all relevant information, including the reason for insertion, date and time, and any complications observed.
Removal of the NG Tube
Removing an NG tube is a straightforward process: Explain the procedure to the patient to reduce anxiety.
Have the patient sit up and take a deep breath.
Gently and steadily pull the tube out while the patient exhales.
Dispose of the tube according to hospital protocols and document the procedure.
Conclusion
NG tubes are essential tools in nursing practice, used for a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Proper insertion, care, and removal are crucial to maximize benefits and minimize risks. Nurses must be well-versed in these processes to ensure patient safety and effective outcomes.
