What is Flushing?
Flushing is a common nursing procedure that involves the injection of a solution, typically saline or heparin, into a catheter or intravenous (IV) line to maintain patency and prevent blockage. It is essential in ensuring that the vascular access device remains functional and reduces the risk of complications such as infections and thrombosis.
Maintaining Patency: Regular flushing helps keep the catheter or IV line open and unobstructed.
Preventing Infections: Proper technique can reduce the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections.
Ensuring Accurate Medication Delivery: It ensures that medications are delivered effectively and without delay.
Reducing Thrombosis Risk: Prevents the formation of blood clots within the catheter.
Before and After Medication Administration: To ensure the line is clear and to prevent medication interactions.
At Regular Intervals: As specified by the institution's protocols or the manufacturer's guidelines, often every 8-12 hours.
After Blood Draws: To clear the line of blood and prevent clotting.
Before and After Blood Transfusions: To ensure patency and prevent mixing of blood with other fluids or medications.
Saline Solution: A sterile solution of sodium chloride that is commonly used for general flushing purposes.
Heparin Solution: An anticoagulant solution used primarily to prevent clot formation in the catheter. It is more commonly used for central lines and long-term venous access devices.
Hand Hygiene: Perform hand hygiene before starting the procedure.
Prepare the Solution: Draw up the appropriate amount of flushing solution (usually 5-10 mL of saline or as per protocol) into a syringe.
Clean the Access Port: Use an alcohol swab to clean the access port for at least 15 seconds and allow it to dry.
Attach the Syringe: Attach the syringe to the port using aseptic technique.
Flush the Line: Inject the solution slowly and steadily, checking for any resistance or complications.
Disconnect and Discard: Remove the syringe and discard it in a sharps container.
Infection: Improper technique can introduce pathogens into the bloodstream.
Resistance: Feeling resistance while flushing may indicate a blockage or clot.
Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein due to irritation or infection.
Air Embolism: Introducing air into the vascular system can be life-threatening.
Medication Interactions: Inadequate flushing may result in drug incompatibility or interactions.
Best Practices for Flushing
To ensure the effectiveness and safety of flushing, follow these best practices: Use the Correct Solution: Follow institutional protocols and manufacturer guidelines for the appropriate flushing solution.
Maintain Sterility: Use aseptic technique to minimize the risk of infection.
Monitor for Complications: Be vigilant in observing for signs of complications such as resistance, swelling, or redness.
Documentation: Record the date, time, and type of solution used for each flushing procedure.
Education: Educate patients and caregivers on the importance of flushing and proper technique.
