What is a Nasogastric Tube?
A nasogastric (NG) tube is a flexible tube that is inserted through the nose and down into the stomach. It is used for various medical purposes such as feeding, administering medication, or removing stomach contents. The use of an NG tube is common in both acute and chronic care settings.
Indications for Nasogastric Tube Insertion
Nasogastric tubes are used for several reasons: Preparation for Nasogastric Tube Insertion
Before inserting an NG tube, it is essential to explain the procedure to the patient to reduce anxiety. Gather necessary equipment, including the NG tube, lubricant, syringe, and tape. Verify the patient's identity and perform hand hygiene to maintain
aseptic technique.
Procedure for Insertion
Position the patient in a high Fowler’s position to facilitate the insertion.
Measure the length of the tube from the tip of the nose to the earlobe and then to the xiphoid process. This ensures the tube reaches the stomach.
Lubricate the tip of the tube to ease passage through the nasal passages.
Gently insert the tube through the nostril, directing it backward and downward. Ask the patient to swallow to help advance the tube.
Confirm placement by aspirating stomach contents with a syringe or by auscultating the stomach while injecting air through the tube.
Secure the tube with tape to prevent dislodgment and document the procedure in the patient’s medical record.
Potential Complications
The insertion and use of an NG tube can lead to complications such as: Nasal Trauma: Injury to the nasal passages during insertion.
Esophageal Perforation: Rare but serious complication where the tube punctures the esophagus.
Aspiration: Risk of stomach contents entering the lungs, especially if the tube is misplaced.
Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses due to prolonged presence of the tube.
Gastric Ulceration: Irritation or ulceration of the stomach lining from prolonged contact with the tube.
Nursing Care and Management
Proper nursing care is crucial for patients with an NG tube: Regularly check tube placement to ensure it has not shifted.
Monitor for signs of complications such as abdominal pain, bloating, or respiratory distress.
Maintain
patency by flushing the tube with water or saline as ordered.
Provide oral and nasal care to prevent dryness and infection.
Educate the patient and family about the purpose and care of the NG tube.
Removal of Nasogastric Tube
When the NG tube is no longer needed, it should be removed carefully: Explain the procedure to the patient to ease any anxiety.
Position the patient upright and place a towel across their chest.
Flush the tube with air to clear any residual contents.
Instruct the patient to take a deep breath and hold it while you swiftly and smoothly remove the tube.
Inspect the tube to ensure it is intact and document the removal in the patient’s medical record.
Conclusion
The use of a nasogastric tube is a common and essential procedure in nursing care. Understanding the indications, preparation, insertion technique, potential complications, and nursing management is crucial for ensuring patient safety and effective treatment. Nurses play a vital role in the successful implementation and monitoring of NG tube therapy.
