- Pain Rating Index (PRI): This index is derived from the selection of pain descriptors and provides a quantitative measure of pain intensity. - Present Pain Intensity (PPI): Patients rate their current pain on a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates no pain and 5 indicates excruciating pain. - Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): This scale allows patients to mark their pain level on a continuum, providing a visual representation of their pain intensity.