Despite its importance, several barriers can impede proper hand hygiene among nurses: - Time Constraints: The fast-paced nature of healthcare settings can make it challenging for nurses to adhere to hand hygiene protocols consistently. - Skin Irritation: Frequent hand washing or use of ABHR can lead to skin dryness and irritation, discouraging regular practice. - Lack of Supplies: Insufficient availability of soap, clean water, paper towels, or ABHR can be a significant barrier. - Complacency: Over time, healthcare workers may become complacent, underestimating the risk of infection and neglecting proper hand hygiene practices.