CRISPR-Cas9 operates as a molecular scissor. The system is composed of two key components: the Cas9 enzyme, which cuts the DNA, and a guide RNA (gRNA), which directs the Cas9 to the precise location in the genome. The gRNA is designed to match a specific DNA sequence, ensuring that Cas9 makes cuts at the intended site. This technology enables scientists to add, remove, or alter genetic material within an organism's DNA.
