The kidneys filter blood through a complex system of nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney. Each nephron contains a glomerulus and a tubule. The glomerulus filters out waste products and excess substances from the blood, while the tubule reabsorbs needed substances back into the bloodstream. Nurses should monitor patients' renal function tests, such as Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and serum creatinine, to assess kidney health.
