What is an Incisional Biopsy?
An
incisional biopsy is a medical procedure in which a portion of suspicious tissue is removed for microscopic examination. Unlike an excisional biopsy that removes the entire lesion, an incisional biopsy only removes a segment of the tissue. This procedure is commonly used when the lesion is too large to be removed entirely or when its removal would cause significant morbidity.
Pre-Procedure Nursing Responsibilities
Before an incisional biopsy, nurses play a crucial role in patient preparation. This includes:- Patient Education: Informing the patient about the procedure, its purpose, and potential risks. Providing written materials can be helpful.
- Informed Consent: Ensuring that the patient has signed the informed consent form after understanding the procedure.
- Medical History and Allergies: Reviewing the patient's medical history and checking for allergies, especially to anesthetics.
- Preoperative Instructions: Advising the patient to follow preoperative instructions such as fasting and medication adjustments.
During the Procedure
During the incisional biopsy, the nurse assists the healthcare provider by:- Sterile Environment: Ensuring a sterile environment is maintained to prevent infection.
- Patient Comfort: Monitoring the patient's comfort and vital signs throughout the procedure.
- Instrument Handling: Providing the necessary instruments and materials to the healthcare provider.
Post-Procedure Nursing Care
After the biopsy, the nurse's role includes:- Monitoring: Observing the patient for any immediate complications such as bleeding or infection.
- Pain Management: Administering prescribed pain relief medication and advising on pain management techniques.
- Wound Care: Educating the patient on proper wound care to promote healing and prevent infection.
- Follow-Up: Scheduling follow-up appointments and ensuring the patient understands when and how to obtain biopsy results.
Complications and Nursing Interventions
Complications from an incisional biopsy can include
bleeding, infection, and delayed healing. Nurses should be vigilant in:
- Early Detection: Identifying early signs of complications such as excessive bleeding, signs of infection (redness, swelling, warmth, and discharge), and prolonged pain.
- Intervention: Taking appropriate actions such as applying pressure to stop bleeding, administering antibiotics if an infection is suspected, and providing additional wound care instructions.
Patient Education and Support
Patient education and emotional support are vital components of nursing care. Nurses should:- Provide Information: Explain what the patient can expect post-procedure, including potential side effects and the importance of follow-up.
- Emotional Support: Offer reassurance and address any anxieties or concerns the patient may have regarding the procedure and the waiting period for biopsy results.
Conclusion
Incisional biopsy is a critical diagnostic tool, and the role of nurses in this procedure is multifaceted, encompassing patient preparation, intra-procedure support, post-procedure care, and complication management. Effective nursing care ensures that patients are well-informed, comfortable, and supported throughout the biopsy process, ultimately contributing to accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment outcomes.
