Several tools and models are utilized in outcome prediction: 1. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS): These systems use data analytics to assist nurses in making informed decisions. 2. Risk Assessment Tools: Tools like the Braden Scale for predicting pressure ulcer risk or the Morse Fall Scale for assessing fall risk. 3. Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning: Advanced technologies that analyze vast amounts of data to predict outcomes. 4. Nursing Knowledge and Experience: The intuition and expertise of nurses play a significant role in outcome prediction.