Donald Schön introduced the concept of reflective practice in his works "The Reflective Practitioner" and "Educating the Reflective Practitioner". According to Schön, reflective practice involves two types of reflection: reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action.
Reflection-in-action occurs during the event itself. For instance, a nurse might notice a patient’s unexpected reaction to a medication and think on their feet to adjust the treatment plan accordingly. This kind of reflection is spontaneous and occurs in real time.
Reflection-on-action, on the other hand, takes place after the event. It involves looking back on what happened, analyzing the decisions made, and considering what could have been done differently. This type of reflection helps in learning and preparing for future similar situations.
