The Pearson correlation coefficient, also known as the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, is a measure of the linear relationship between two variables. It ranges from -1 to +1, where +1 indicates a perfect positive linear relationship, -1 indicates a perfect negative linear relationship, and 0 indicates no linear relationship. In the context of nursing, Pearson correlation can be used to assess the relationship between various clinical variables, such as patient outcomes and treatment methods.