The endothelium performs several critical functions, including:
Regulation of Blood Flow: The endothelium controls vascular tone by releasing substances such as nitric oxide, which dilates blood vessels, and endothelin, which constricts them. Barrier Function: It maintains a semi-permeable barrier, allowing the selective exchange of substances between the bloodstream and tissues. Inflammation and Immunity: The endothelium plays a role in immune response by expressing adhesion molecules that facilitate the movement of immune cells to sites of inflammation. Hemostasis: It contributes to blood clotting and anticoagulation by balancing pro-thrombotic and anti-thrombotic factors. Angiogenesis: The endothelium is involved in forming new blood vessels, a process crucial for healing and development.
