There are several methods to manage postoperative pain effectively: - Pharmacologic Interventions: Use of analgesics such as opioids, non-opioid analgesics, and adjuvant medications. - Non-Pharmacologic Interventions: Techniques such as cold and heat application, relaxation techniques, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. - Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA): Allows patients to self-administer a predetermined dose of pain medication. - Regional Anesthesia: Techniques such as epidural or nerve blocks to provide targeted pain relief.
