Vital Signs Monitoring: This includes measuring body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. These indicators provide essential information about a patient's physiological status. Cardiac Monitoring: Using devices like ECG machines to monitor heart activity. This is particularly important for patients with cardiac conditions. Respiratory Monitoring: Assessing oxygen saturation levels and respiratory patterns, often using pulse oximetry or capnography. Neurological Monitoring: Evaluating neurological status through tools like the Glasgow Coma Scale, pupil reactivity, and motor function assessments. Fluid Balance Monitoring: Tracking fluid intake and output to ensure proper hydration and electrolyte balance.