While increased cooperation is beneficial, several challenges can impede it: 1. Hierarchical Structures: Traditional hierarchical structures in healthcare can sometimes hinder open communication and collaboration. 2. Resource Constraints: Limited resources, such as staffing and equipment, can make cooperation more difficult. 3. Cultural Differences: Different cultural backgrounds among team members can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. 4. Resistance to Change: Some healthcare professionals may be resistant to changing their ways of working, making it difficult to implement cooperative practices.