1. State Regulations: Different states have varying laws that can restrict what nurses are allowed to do, such as prescribing medications or performing certain procedures. 2. Institutional Policies: Hospitals and healthcare organizations may have internal policies that limit nurse autonomy. 3. Reimbursement Practices: Insurance companies and Medicare/Medicaid may not reimburse for services provided by nurses, even if they are within their scope of practice. 4. Educational and Certification Requirements: Additional and often unnecessary educational requirements can be a barrier to practice.