Several factors influence the determination of sample size:
Effect Size: Larger effect sizes require smaller sample sizes to detect differences. Alpha Level: The probability of making a type I error, often set at 0.05. Power: The probability of detecting an effect if there is one, typically set at 0.80 or higher. Population Variability: More variability in the population requires a larger sample size. Study Design: Different designs (e.g., cross-sectional, longitudinal) have different sample size requirements.
