Sample Preparation: A sample, usually blood, bone marrow, or tissue, is collected from the patient. Probe Hybridization: Fluorescent probes, which are short sequences of DNA or RNA, are designed to bind to specific chromosomal regions. Denaturation and Hybridization: The sample DNA is denatured to single strands and then allowed to hybridize with the probes. Visualization: The hybridized probes are visualized under a fluorescence microscope, allowing for the detection of genetic abnormalities.