resistance nodulation division (rnd)

How Does RND Contribute to Antibiotic Resistance?

RND contributes to antibiotic resistance by actively pumping out antibiotics from bacterial cells, thereby reducing the intracellular concentration of the drug to sub-lethal levels. This mechanism allows bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics, making infections harder to treat. In clinical settings, this can lead to prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and higher morbidity and mortality rates.

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