Particulate matter can have both short-term and long-term health effects. Short-term exposure can lead to respiratory issues such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure can contribute to more serious conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, and even lung cancer. PM2.5 is particularly dangerous as it can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream.
