Nurses assess renal function through various methods, including:
1. Patient History and Symptom Review
Nurses review the patient's medical history for any indications of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, or use of nephrotoxic medications. Symptoms such as edema, fatigue, and changes in urine output are also noted.
2. Physical Examination
Physical signs like peripheral edema, hypertension, and abnormal breath sounds are assessed. Nurses also check for signs of fluid overload or dehydration.
3. Urine Tests
Urinalysis and urine culture can detect abnormalities like proteinuria, hematuria, and infection. A 24-hour urine collection helps in assessing creatinine clearance.
4. Blood Tests
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels are primary markers for renal function. Elevated levels may indicate impaired renal function.
5. Imaging Studies
Ultrasound, CT scans, or MRIs provide visual confirmation of structural abnormalities in the kidneys.
