Biological agents can spread through various routes, including:
Airborne transmission: Pathogens spread through the air, as in the case of tuberculosis and chickenpox. Contact transmission: Direct or indirect contact with infected persons or surfaces, such as MRSA and norovirus. Droplet transmission: Spread via respiratory droplets, as seen with influenza and COVID-19. Vector-borne transmission: Spread through vectors like mosquitoes, leading to diseases like malaria and dengue fever.