What Are the Basic Principles of Cleaning?
The basic principles of cleaning involve removing visible dirt and organic matter from surfaces and objects. It includes the use of appropriate cleaning agents and methods to ensure thorough disinfection. Key principles include:
- Always clean from the least contaminated area to the most contaminated.
- Use appropriate cleaning agents and follow the manufacturer's instructions.
- Regularly change cleaning cloths and mop heads to prevent cross-contamination.
- Routine Cleaning: Daily cleaning tasks such as wiping down surfaces, mopping floors, and emptying trash bins.
- Terminal Cleaning: Thorough cleaning of a patient's room after discharge, including disinfecting all surfaces and equipment.
- Environmental Cleaning: Regular cleaning of common areas and high-touch surfaces to maintain overall hygiene.
- Detergents: Used for general cleaning to remove dirt and organic matter.
- Disinfectants: Used to kill pathogens on surfaces. Examples include bleach solutions and quaternary ammonium compounds.
- Alcohol-based cleaners: Effective for disinfecting small surfaces and equipment.
Always follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding dilution and contact time for these agents to ensure effectiveness.
How to Clean High-Touch Surfaces?
High-touch surfaces such as doorknobs, light switches, and medical equipment require frequent cleaning and disinfection. Steps include:
1. Use a disposable cloth or a clean, reusable cloth with a disinfectant solution.
2. Wipe the surface thoroughly, ensuring all areas are covered.
3. Allow the disinfectant to remain on the surface for the recommended contact time.
4. Rinse with clean water if required.
- Handwashing with Soap and Water: Scrub hands for at least 20 seconds, covering all areas, including under the nails and between fingers.
- Using Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers: Apply enough product to cover all surfaces of the hands and rub until dry.
Perform hand hygiene before and after patient contact, after touching potentially contaminated surfaces, and before performing aseptic tasks.
- Clean and disinfect equipment such as mops, buckets, and cloths after each use.
- Store equipment in a clean, dry area.
- Replace worn-out equipment regularly.
- Wearing appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, and gowns.
- Ensuring proper ventilation when using chemical cleaning agents.
- Following protocols for the safe disposal of cleaning materials and waste.
- The importance of cleaning in infection control.
- Proper use of cleaning agents and equipment.
- Techniques for cleaning various surfaces and environments.
- Safety protocols and use of PPE.
In conclusion, proper cleaning techniques are vital in nursing to ensure a safe and hygienic environment. By following the guidelines for cleaning agents, techniques, and safety considerations, healthcare facilities can minimize the risk of infections and protect both patients and staff.
