What is Photokeratitis?
Photokeratitis, also known as ultraviolet keratitis, is an acute condition caused by the exposure of the cornea to intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This exposure leads to inflammation of the cornea, causing symptoms such as pain, redness, blurred vision, and tearing. The condition is often likened to a sunburn of the eye.
Causes of Photokeratitis
Photokeratitis can be caused by several factors, primarily involving exposure to UV light. Common sources include:
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of photokeratitis typically appear a few hours after exposure and may include: Severe eye pain
Redness and irritation
Excessive tearing
Swelling of the eyes
Blurred vision
Sensitivity to light (
photophobia)
Feeling of a foreign body in the eye
Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history of exposure and presenting symptoms. An
eye examination with a slit lamp may reveal superficial punctate keratitis, which are small, pinpoint lesions on the corneal surface.
Treatment and Management
The primary treatment for photokeratitis involves symptomatic relief and preventing further UV exposure. Key management strategies include: Oral pain relievers such as
ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
Lubricating eye drops to soothe the cornea.
Wearing
sunglasses to reduce light sensitivity.
Staying indoors or in a darkened room to avoid further UV exposure.
Avoiding contact lenses until the eyes have healed.
In more severe cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotic eye drops to prevent secondary infections and corticosteroid drops to reduce inflammation.
Nursing Role in Photokeratitis Care
Nurses play a crucial role in both the prevention and management of photokeratitis. Responsibilities include: Educating patients about the risks of UV exposure and the importance of protective measures such as wearing UV-blocking sunglasses and appropriate eye protection during activities like welding.
Providing guidance on effective use of prescribed medications and eye drops.
Monitoring for signs of complications, such as secondary infections, and ensuring timely referral to an ophthalmologist if needed.
Offering support and reassurance to patients experiencing discomfort, emphasizing that symptoms are typically temporary and will improve with proper care.
Prevention Strategies
Preventing photokeratitis involves minimizing UV exposure to the eyes. Key strategies include: Wearing
UV-blocking sunglasses that provide full coverage of the eyes.
Using protective eyewear during activities with high UV exposure risk, such as welding or using tanning beds.
Limiting time spent in environments with intense UV reflection, such as snowy or water-covered areas, without adequate protection.
Educating communities, especially those involved in high-risk occupations, about the importance of eye protection.
Conclusion
Photokeratitis is a preventable condition caused by excessive UV exposure. With proper education, preventive measures, and timely management, the risks and impacts of photokeratitis can be significantly reduced. Nurses play a vital role in this process through patient education, symptom management, and ongoing support.
