What is Peramivir?
Peramivir is an antiviral medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as neuraminidase inhibitors. It is used for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients who have been symptomatic for no more than two days. Peramivir works by inhibiting the action of neuraminidase, an enzyme that allows the influenza virus to spread within the body.
Indications for Use
Peramivir is specifically indicated for the treatment of acute influenza in adults and children aged 2 years and older. It is most effective when administered within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. The drug is often used in patients who are unable to take oral medications or in cases where rapid antiviral activity is required.Administration and Dosage
Peramivir is administered
intravenously as a single dose. The standard adult dose is 600 mg, given over 15 to 30 minutes. For pediatric patients, the dosage is based on body weight. Nurses must ensure accurate dosing and proper administration technique to maximize the drug’s efficacy and minimize potential side effects.
Side Effects
Common side effects of peramivir include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Less common but serious side effects can include allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, and anaphylaxis. Nurses should monitor patients for any signs of adverse reactions during and after administration.Contraindications and Precautions
Peramivir is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. Caution should be exercised in patients with renal impairment, as the drug is excreted primarily through the kidneys. Dose adjustments may be necessary to prevent toxicity. Nurses should review the patient’s medical history and current medications to avoid potential drug interactions and contraindications.Nursing Considerations
Monitor for any signs of adverse reactions during and after the infusion.
Ensure proper
hydration of the patient to aid in renal clearance of the drug.
Educate patients and caregivers about the importance of completing the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve.
Assess renal function prior to administration and adjust dosage if necessary.
Document administration details, including time, dosage, and any observed side effects or complications.
Patient Education
Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients and caregivers about peramivir. Key points to cover include the importance of timely administration, potential side effects, and the need to report any unusual symptoms immediately. Patients should also be informed about the importance of maintaining hydration and following up with their healthcare provider as recommended.Conclusion
Peramivir is a valuable option for the treatment of acute influenza, particularly in patients who cannot take oral medications. Nurses must be vigilant in monitoring, educating, and supporting patients throughout their treatment to ensure the best possible outcomes. By understanding the pharmacology, administration guidelines, and nursing considerations associated with peramivir, nurses can contribute significantly to patient care and recovery.
