Indications for Use
An OPA is indicated in patients who are at risk for airway obstruction due to
loss of muscle tone, such as those who are unconscious or under anesthesia. It is also used during
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to maintain airway patency.
Contraindications
The use of an OPA is contraindicated in conscious or semi-conscious patients because it can induce a
gag reflex, leading to vomiting or aspiration. It should also be avoided in patients with facial trauma, particularly if there is a risk of a fractured
basilar skull.
Size Selection
Selecting the correct size of an OPA is crucial for it to be effective. The device should be measured from the corner of the patient’s mouth to the angle of the
mandible. Incorrect sizing can lead to ineffective airway management or injury.
Insertion Technique
To insert an OPA, follow these steps:
1. Ensure the patient is unconscious and has no gag reflex.
2. Open the patient's mouth using the cross-finger technique.
3. Insert the OPA with the curve facing upwards, then rotate it 180 degrees as it passes the tongue.
4. Ensure the flange rests against the patient's lips.Potential Complications
While generally safe when used correctly, complications can occur. These include:
- Inducing a gag reflex and subsequent vomiting.
- Oral trauma or damage to teeth.
- Inadequate ventilation if the airway is improperly sized or positioned.Nursing Responsibilities
Nurses play a critical role in the management of patients with an OPA. Responsibilities include:
- Assessing the need for an OPA and ensuring appropriate size selection.
- Monitoring for signs of airway obstruction or complications.
- Regularly reassessing the patient’s level of consciousness and removing the OPA if the patient regains consciousness.
- Providing
oral hygiene to prevent infection and ensure comfort.
Documentation
Proper documentation is essential. Nurses should record the size of the OPA used, the time of insertion, observations during insertion, and the patient’s response. Any complications or interventions must also be documented.Conclusion
The oropharyngeal airway is a vital tool in ensuring airway patency in unconscious patients. Proper understanding of the indications, contraindications, and correct usage techniques is essential for all nursing professionals. Thorough assessment and vigilant monitoring can help mitigate potential complications and ensure patient safety.
