Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is divided into four main phases: Menstrual Phase: This phase marks the beginning of the cycle. It involves the shedding of the
uterine lining (endometrium), resulting in menstrual bleeding.
Follicular Phase: During this phase,
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, which secrete
estrogen and prepare an egg for ovulation.
Ovulation: This is the release of a mature egg from the ovary, usually around the mid-point of the cycle. It is triggered by a surge in
luteinizing hormone (LH).
Luteal Phase: Following ovulation, the ruptured follicle forms the
corpus luteum, which secretes
progesterone to maintain the uterine lining in case of pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in progesterone and the start of menstruation.
Common Menstrual Issues
Several menstrual issues can affect women, including:
Nursing Management and Care
Nurses play a crucial role in managing menstrual health and addressing related concerns. Key aspects of nursing care include: Education: Providing information about the menstrual cycle, hygiene practices, and normal versus abnormal symptoms.
Pain Management: Offering pain relief options, such as
NSAIDs, heating pads, and relaxation techniques.
Assessing Symptoms: Monitoring and documenting menstrual symptoms to identify any abnormalities or patterns.
Support: Offering emotional support and counseling for women experiencing menstrual disorders.
Referral: Referring patients to specialists, such as
gynecologists, for further evaluation and treatment if necessary.
Patient Education and Resources
Providing patients with reliable resources and educational materials is essential. Nurses can recommend:
