What is a Literature Search?
A literature search is a systematic and comprehensive process for identifying and evaluating existing research on a particular topic. In the context of
Nursing, it involves searching for scholarly articles, clinical guidelines, and other academic works to inform practice, policy, and research.
Stay updated with the latest research and
clinical guidelines.
Identify gaps in existing knowledge.
Develop research questions and hypotheses.
Inform clinical decisions and policy-making.
Ensure quality care and improve patient outcomes.
Steps in Performing a Literature Search
1. Define the Research Question
The first step is to clearly define the research question or objective. Using frameworks like
PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) can help in formulating precise and researchable questions.
2. Identify Keywords
Identify relevant
keywords and phrases that will be used during the search. Consider synonyms and related terms to ensure a comprehensive search.
3. Choose Databases and Sources
Select appropriate databases and sources. Common databases for nursing include
PubMed,
CINAHL, and
Cochrane Library. Additionally, institutional libraries and professional organizations often provide access to valuable resources.
4. Conduct the Search
Use the identified keywords to search the chosen databases. Utilize advanced search options like Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to refine and focus the search results.
5. Evaluate and Select Articles
Critically evaluate the search results to select relevant articles. Assess the quality, validity, and relevance of each study using appraisal tools and checklists.
6. Organize and Document Findings
Organize the selected articles and document the search process. Tools like
reference management software (e.g., EndNote, Mendeley) can help in managing citations and creating bibliographies.
Challenges in Literature Search
Nurses may encounter several challenges during a literature search, including: Information Overload: The vast amount of available literature can be overwhelming.
Limited Access: Some databases and journals require subscriptions, which may not be available to all nurses.
Time Constraints: Conducting a thorough literature search can be time-consuming.
Language Barriers: Research articles published in different languages may pose a challenge.
Strategies to Overcome Challenges
Several strategies can help overcome these challenges: Use
systematic review methodologies to streamline the search process.
Collaborate with librarians and other professionals who specialize in literature searches.
Utilize open-access journals and repositories to access free full-text articles.
Set aside dedicated time for literature searches and manage time effectively.
Conclusion
A well-conducted literature search is fundamental to advancing nursing practice and research. By following a systematic approach, utilizing appropriate tools and resources, and addressing potential challenges, nurses can effectively gather and apply the best available evidence to improve patient care and outcomes.
