Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized environment. This therapy is used to treat various medical conditions by enhancing the amount of oxygen your blood can carry. Increased oxygen levels in the blood can promote faster healing and fight certain infections.
During HBOT, patients are placed in a hyperbaric chamber where the atmospheric pressure is increased to two to three times higher than normal. Under these conditions, the lungs can gather more oxygen than would be possible at normal air pressure. This extra oxygen is then transported by the blood to tissues that need it, enhancing the healing process.
HBOT is used to treat a variety of conditions, including but not limited to:
Decompression sickness, common in divers
Serious infections like gangrene
Wounds that are not healing due to diabetes or radiation injury
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Severe anemia
Nurses play a crucial role in administering HBOT. Their responsibilities include:
Assessing the patient’s medical history and suitability for therapy
Preparing the patient for the session, including removing flammable materials
Monitoring the patient during the therapy for adverse reactions
Providing post-therapy care and instructions
Educating the patient and family about the therapy and its benefits
The benefits of HBOT are extensive and include:
Improved wound healing
Reduction in the size of gas embolisms
Enhanced infection control
Reduced inflammation and swelling
Improved outcomes in conditions like chronic osteomyelitis and radiation injuries
While generally safe, HBOT can have risks and complications, such as:
Ear and sinus pain due to pressure changes
Temporary vision changes
Oxygen toxicity, which can affect the lungs and central nervous system
Claustrophobia
Potential for fire in the oxygen-rich environment
Preparation for HBOT involves several steps:
Removing all flammable items, such as lighters and electronics
Avoiding certain medications that might increase the risk of oxygen toxicity
Wearing 100% cotton clothing to reduce static electricity risks
Following any dietary restrictions advised by the healthcare provider
After HBOT, nurses should:
Monitor the patient for any adverse effects like dizziness or fatigue
Provide hydration to help with oxygen absorption
Review the patient’s wound or condition to assess improvement
Offer guidance on follow-up sessions if required
Encourage patients to report any unusual symptoms promptly
Conclusion
HBOT is a valuable medical treatment that offers numerous benefits, particularly in wound healing and treating severe infections. Nurses play an essential role in ensuring the safe and effective delivery of this therapy. By understanding the mechanisms, benefits, and risks associated with HBOT, nurses can provide comprehensive care and support to their patients.
