What is Hydroxyurea?
Hydroxyurea is a medication primarily used to treat certain types of cancer, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and melanoma. It is also used for sickle cell anemia to reduce the frequency of painful crises and the need for blood transfusions.
How Does Hydroxyurea Work?
Hydroxyurea works by inhibiting the DNA synthesis in cells, thereby preventing the growth and multiplication of cancer cells. It also increases fetal hemoglobin production in sickle cell anemia patients, which helps reduce the sickling of red blood cells.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Melanoma
Sickle cell anemia
Polycythemia vera
Essential thrombocythemia
Bone marrow suppression
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Skin ulcers
Monitor complete blood counts regularly to detect bone marrow suppression
Assess for signs of infection due to neutropenia
Educate patients on the importance of adhering to prescribed dosing schedules
Instruct patients to report any unusual bruising or bleeding
Ensure patients understand the potential side effects and when to seek medical attention
Severe bone marrow depression
Severe anemia
Hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea
How Should Hydroxyurea be Administered?
Hydroxyurea is usually administered orally in capsule form. The dosage and frequency depend on the specific condition being treated and the patient’s response to the medication. It is essential to follow the prescribing physician's guidelines closely.
Take hydroxyurea exactly as prescribed
Do not crush or open capsules
Avoid contact with the medication if pregnant or planning to become pregnant
Maintain regular follow-up appointments for blood tests
Report any signs of infection, unusual fatigue, or bleeding immediately
What are the Long-Term Considerations?
Long-term use of hydroxyurea requires careful monitoring for potential complications such as secondary cancers and chronic bone marrow suppression. Patients should be educated about the importance of ongoing medical supervision and regular laboratory tests.
