What are Catheter Associated Bloodstream Infections (CABSI)?
Catheter Associated Bloodstream Infections (CABSI) are serious infections that occur when bacteria or fungi enter the bloodstream through a central venous catheter or other types of intravenous lines. These infections can lead to severe complications, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs.
Patient Safety: CABSI can lead to life-threatening conditions such as sepsis.
Healthcare Costs: Treating CABSI can be expensive due to prolonged hospital stays and additional treatments.
Quality of Care: Reducing CABSI rates is a measure of high-quality care and patient satisfaction.
How Do CABSIs Occur?
CABSI typically occur when microorganisms enter the bloodstream via the catheter. Common sources include:
Prolonged use of a central venous catheter.
Lack of proper
aseptic technique during insertion and maintenance.
Poor hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers.
Use of catheters in immunocompromised patients.
Inadequate
skin antisepsis before catheter insertion.
Fever and chills.
Redness, swelling, or tenderness at the catheter site.
Unexplained low blood pressure.
Elevated white blood cell count.
Hand Hygiene: Consistent and proper handwashing before and after handling catheters.
Aseptic Technique: Using sterile techniques during catheter insertion and maintenance.
Skin Antisepsis: Applying appropriate antiseptic agents to the skin before catheter insertion.
Catheter Care: Regular inspection and cleaning of catheter sites.
Education and Training: Ongoing training for healthcare workers on CABSI prevention protocols.
Obtain blood cultures from the catheter and a peripheral site.
Administer empirical
antibiotic therapy as per hospital protocols.
Consider removing the catheter if it is the suspected source of infection.
Monitor the patient closely for signs of sepsis or other complications.
Conclusion
CABSI prevention is a critical aspect of nursing care that requires diligent adherence to infection control practices. By understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures, nurses can significantly reduce the incidence of these potentially life-threatening infections, thereby improving patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality.
