What is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is a crucial component in the body's renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This system plays a significant role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. ACE converts angiotensin I, an inactive peptide, into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure.
Why is ACE important in Nursing?
Understanding ACE is vital for nurses because it is directly involved in managing patients with
hypertension and
heart failure. ACE inhibitors, a class of medications that block the action of ACE, are commonly prescribed to treat these conditions. Nurses must be knowledgeable about these medications to provide effective patient care.
How do ACE inhibitors work?
ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This leads to vasodilation, reduced blood volume, and decreased blood pressure. Common ACE inhibitors include
lisinopril,
enalapril, and
ramipril. Nurses must monitor patients for side effects like cough, hyperkalemia, and hypotension.
Nurses should assess and document the patient’s condition before initiating treatment with ACE inhibitors.
Nurses should educate patients about these potential side effects and monitor them closely for any adverse reactions.
Monitor blood pressure regularly to ensure the medication is effective.
Check serum potassium levels to detect hyperkalemia.
Assess renal function through blood tests like serum creatinine.
Educate patients on the importance of adhering to their medication regimen.
Inform patients to report any new or worsening symptoms, such as swelling of the lips or throat, which could indicate angioedema.
The purpose and benefits of ACE inhibitors.
Potential side effects and when to seek medical attention.
The importance of regular blood pressure and blood test monitoring.
Dietary considerations, particularly regarding potassium intake.
Avoiding non-prescription medications that may interact with ACE inhibitors, such as NSAIDs.
NSAIDs can reduce the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors and worsen renal function.
Potassium-sparing diuretics and supplements can increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Lithium levels can be increased, leading to toxicity.
Nurses must review the patient’s medication list to identify potential interactions.
Pregnancy, due to the risk of fetal harm.
A history of angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor use.
Severe renal artery stenosis.
Nurses should assess the patient’s medical history to identify these contraindications.
