What is Lisinopril?
Lisinopril is an
ACE inhibitor (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitor) used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, and to improve survival after a heart attack. It works by relaxing blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood.
Indications for Use
Lisinopril is primarily indicated for: Hypertension
Heart failure
Post-myocardial infarction (heart attack) management
Diabetic nephropathy
Dosage and Administration
The dosage of lisinopril varies depending on the condition being treated. For hypertension, the typical starting dose is 10 mg once daily, which can be adjusted based on the patient's response. For heart failure, the starting dose is often 5 mg once daily. It is important to follow a physician's instructions and to take the medication at the same time each day.Side Effects
Common side effects include: Dry cough
Dizziness
Headache
Fatigue
Severe side effects can include:
Angioedema (swelling of the deeper layers of the skin)
Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels)
Kidney dysfunction
Severe hypotension
Nursing Considerations
Nurses should monitor the following when a patient is on lisinopril: Blood pressure - Regular monitoring to ensure the medication is effectively controlling hypertension.
Renal function - Monitoring serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, as lisinopril can affect kidney function.
Electrolytes - Regular checks of potassium levels to prevent hyperkalemia.
Signs of angioedema - Immediate medical attention is required if swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat occurs.
Patient Education
Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients about lisinopril. Key points include: Adherence - Importance of taking the medication as prescribed, without missing doses.
Hydration - Encouraging adequate fluid intake unless contraindicated.
Side effects - Educating patients about common and severe side effects and when to seek medical attention.
Avoiding NSAIDs - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the efficacy of lisinopril and may increase the risk of kidney problems.
Contraindications
Lisinopril is contraindicated in patients with: A history of angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor therapy
Hypersensitivity to lisinopril or any other ACE inhibitors
Pregnancy - It can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
Interactions
Lisinopril can interact with other medications, including: Diuretics - Can increase the risk of hypotension.
Potassium supplements - Can increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
NSAIDs - Can reduce the antihypertensive effect and impair renal function.
