What are Support Surfaces?
Support surfaces refer to specialized devices designed to manage tissue loads, microclimate, and other therapeutic functions related to the skin's integrity. These surfaces are crucial in preventing and treating pressure injuries, which are common in patients with limited mobility.
Types of Support Surfaces
There are various types of support surfaces, each serving specific purposes based on the patient's needs. The main categories include:- Static Support Surfaces: These are non-powered surfaces like foam, air, or gel mattresses and overlays. They are ideal for patients at low to moderate risk of developing pressure injuries.
- Dynamic Support Surfaces: These are powered surfaces such as alternating pressure and low air loss mattresses. They are suited for patients at high risk or those with existing pressure injuries.
How Do Support Surfaces Work?
Support surfaces function by redistributing pressure away from high-risk areas, reducing shear and friction, and managing the microclimate around the skin. For example, an
alternating pressure mattress periodically inflates and deflates to change pressure points, promoting blood flow and preventing tissue damage.
Choosing the Right Support Surface
Selecting the appropriate support surface depends on several factors:1. Patient's Risk Level: Using risk assessment tools like the Braden Scale, nurses can evaluate the patient's risk of developing pressure injuries.
2. Existing Pressure Injuries: For patients with existing pressure injuries, a more advanced support surface such as a low air loss mattress may be necessary.
3. Patient Mobility: Highly immobile patients may benefit more from dynamic support surfaces, while those with some mobility might suffice with static surfaces.
4. Patient Comfort: Comfort is also a critical factor, as uncomfortable surfaces can lead to poor compliance and additional complications.
Maintenance and Care of Support Surfaces
Proper maintenance of support surfaces is essential to ensure their effectiveness and longevity. Regular inspection for wear and tear, ensuring cleanliness, and following the manufacturer’s instructions for maintenance are crucial steps. For dynamic surfaces, it's important to check that all electrical components are functioning correctly.Training for Nursing Staff
Proper training for nursing staff is vital to the effective use of support surfaces. Nurses should be knowledgeable about the different types of support surfaces, their indications, and contraindications. They should also be trained in patient repositioning techniques and the importance of regular skin assessments.Impact on Patient Outcomes
The use of appropriate support surfaces has been shown to significantly improve patient outcomes. They help in reducing the incidence of pressure injuries, which can lead to serious complications like infections and prolonged hospital stays. By incorporating the right support surfaces into patient care plans, nurses can enhance the quality of care and improve overall patient well-being.Challenges and Considerations
Despite their benefits, there are challenges associated with the use of support surfaces. These include the cost of advanced surfaces, the need for regular maintenance, and ensuring proper use by all healthcare staff. Additionally, not all patients will respond the same way to specific support surfaces, necessitating continual assessment and adjustments.Conclusion
Support surfaces play a crucial role in nursing care, particularly for patients at risk of pressure injuries. By understanding the various types of support surfaces and their applications, nurses can make informed decisions that enhance patient outcomes. Continuous education and training, combined with diligent maintenance, ensure that these surfaces provide the maximum therapeutic benefit.
