What is Suctioning?
Suctioning is a critical nursing procedure used to remove secretions, mucus, and other substances from a patient's airway to ensure that it remains clear. It is essential for patients who are unable to clear their own airways due to various conditions such as respiratory illnesses, post-surgical complications, or neurological impairments.
Patients with impaired cough reflexes
Individuals with
tracheostomies or endotracheal tubes
Patients experiencing
excessive secretions or mucus build-up
Individuals with obstructed airways due to foreign bodies
Types of Suctioning
There are primarily two types of suctioning:
oropharyngeal and
nasopharyngeal. Oropharyngeal suctioning involves removing secretions from the mouth and the back of the throat, while nasopharyngeal suctioning involves accessing the nasal passages to clear the upper airway.
Equipment Needed
Essential equipment for suctioning includes: Suction catheter
Sterile gloves
Sterile water or saline
Suction machine or wall suction unit
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Procedure
The suctioning procedure involves several crucial steps: Explain the procedure to the patient to alleviate anxiety.
Perform hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE.
Position the patient to optimize airway access.
Attach the suction catheter to the suction machine.
Insert the catheter gently into the airway without applying suction.
Apply suction while withdrawing the catheter in a rotating motion.
Monitor the patient’s vital signs and oxygen saturation throughout the procedure.
Document the procedure and the patient's response.
Risks and Complications
While suctioning is generally safe, it does carry some risks and potential complications, such as: Trauma to the airway tissues
Hypoxia or oxygen desaturation
Infection due to improper technique or equipment
Bradycardia or vagal stimulation
Post-Procedure Care
After suctioning, it is essential to: Reassess the patient’s respiratory status
Ensure the patient is comfortable and breathing easily
Clean and store the equipment properly
Document the procedure, including the amount and consistency of secretions removed
Patient and Family Education
Educating patients and their families about suctioning is crucial. They should understand the purpose of suctioning, recognize signs that indicate the need for suctioning, and know how to perform the procedure if appropriate. This education helps in ensuring continuity of care and preventing complications.Conclusion
Suctioning is a vital nursing intervention that requires skill and precision. By understanding the indications, procedure, and potential complications, nurses can effectively manage their patients' airway needs and improve their overall respiratory function.
