What is Prealbumin?
Prealbumin, also known as transthyretin, is a
protein primarily produced by the liver. It serves as a transporter for thyroxine and retinol-binding protein. More importantly, it is a key indicator of nutritional status and can reflect recent dietary intake and protein-energy malnutrition.
Why is Prealbumin Important in Nursing?
Nurses utilize prealbumin levels to monitor patients' nutritional status, especially in those who are critically ill, undergoing surgery, or have chronic illnesses. Low prealbumin levels can indicate
malnutrition, inflammation, or liver disease, and prompt intervention can prevent complications such as poor wound healing or increased risk of infection.
How is Prealbumin Measured?
Prealbumin levels are measured through a blood test. The reference range for prealbumin is typically 15-35 mg/dL. Levels below this range may indicate malnutrition or other medical conditions, while levels above it can sometimes be associated with conditions like chronic kidney disease.
Nutritional Intake: Low protein and calorie intake can reduce prealbumin levels.
Inflammation: Acute or chronic inflammation can decrease prealbumin levels.
Liver Function: Since prealbumin is produced in the liver, liver dysfunction can lower its levels.
Kidney Function: Renal disease can alter prealbumin levels, sometimes leading to an increase.
Nutritional Assessment: Conduct a thorough nutritional assessment to identify potential causes of low prealbumin.
Dietary Management: Collaborate with dietitians to develop a high-protein, high-calorie diet plan.
Monitoring: Regularly monitor prealbumin levels and assess the effectiveness of nutritional interventions.
Patient Education: Educate patients and families about the importance of nutrition and how to maintain a balanced diet.
Case Study: Prealbumin in Practice
Consider an elderly patient recovering from surgery who presents with poor wound healing. Initial blood tests reveal low prealbumin levels. As a nurse, you would work with a dietitian to enhance the patient’s protein intake and regularly monitor prealbumin levels. By addressing the nutritional deficiency, you help promote better wound healing and overall recovery.Conclusion
Prealbumin is a valuable marker in assessing and managing nutritional status in patients. Nurses should be vigilant in monitoring prealbumin levels, understanding the influencing factors, and implementing appropriate interventions. By doing so, they can significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of care.
