What is a Peripheral IV Line?
A Peripheral Intravenous (IV) line is a small, flexible tube inserted into a vein, typically in the hand or arm. It is one of the most common methods used in hospitals to deliver fluids, medications, and nutrients directly into a patient's bloodstream.
Indications for Use
Peripheral IV lines are used for various reasons, such as administering medications, providing fluids for hydration, transfusing blood, and delivering
nutritional support. They are essential in emergency situations for rapid drug administration and also in routine procedures requiring intravenous access.
Insertion Procedure
The procedure involves selecting an appropriate vein, cleaning the insertion site with antiseptic solution, and inserting the IV catheter using a needle. Once the catheter is in place, the needle is removed, and the catheter is secured with adhesive tape or a transparent dressing.Site Selection
The choice of site depends on several factors, including the patient's age, condition, and the type of therapy. Common sites include the dorsal hand veins, cephalic vein, and basilic vein. It's crucial to assess the vein's accessibility and suitability to minimize complications.Complications and Management
Potential complications include
phlebitis, infiltration, extravasation, and infection. Phlebitis is the inflammation of the vein and can be caused by mechanical, chemical, or infectious factors. Infiltration occurs when fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue, causing swelling and discomfort. Extravasation, a more severe form of infiltration, involves the leakage of vesicant drugs that can cause tissue damage. Infection at the insertion site can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition. Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial.
Nursing Care and Maintenance
Nursing care involves regular assessment of the IV site for signs of complications, ensuring the dressing is clean and dry, and flushing the line with saline to maintain patency. Nurses should follow strict aseptic techniques during insertion and care. The IV site should be rotated every 72-96 hours or as per hospital protocol to reduce the risk of infection and phlebitis.Patient Education
Educate patients on the purpose of the IV, signs of complications to watch for, and the importance of keeping the IV site clean and dry. Encourage them to report any discomfort, swelling, or redness at the IV site immediately.Documentation
Accurate documentation includes the date and time of insertion, the type and size of catheter used, the site of insertion, and the patient's response to the procedure. Document any complications and the interventions taken to manage them.Removal of Peripheral IV Line
The IV line is removed when it is no longer needed or if complications arise. The procedure involves stopping the infusion, removing the adhesive dressing, and gently withdrawing the catheter. Apply pressure to the site to prevent bleeding and cover it with a sterile dressing.Conclusion
Peripheral IV lines are a fundamental component of modern medical care, and nurses play a vital role in their management. Proper insertion, maintenance, and prompt identification of complications are essential to ensure patient safety and effective treatment.
