What is a Peripheral IV Line?
A peripheral intravenous (IV) line is a small, flexible tube inserted into a peripheral vein, typically in the hand or arm. This line allows healthcare professionals to administer medications, fluids, blood products, and nutrients directly into a patient's bloodstream. Peripheral IV lines are commonly used in hospitals, clinics, and emergency settings.
Why is Peripheral IV Line Insertion Important?
The insertion of a peripheral IV line is a critical skill for nurses as it facilitates rapid delivery of treatments and fluids. It is essential for hydration, administration of medications, blood transfusions, and obtaining blood samples. The ability to insert a peripheral IV line efficiently can significantly impact patient outcomes.
Hydration and fluid replacement
Administration of medications, including antibiotics, pain relievers, and chemotherapy
Blood transfusions
Electrolyte imbalances
Parenteral nutrition
IV catheter of appropriate size
Alcohol swabs or antiseptic solution
Tourniquet
Gauze pads
Adhesive tape or transparent dressings
IV fluid and administration set
Wash hands and wear gloves.
Select an appropriate vein, usually in the arm or hand.
Apply a tourniquet above the selected site to engorge the vein.
Clean the insertion site with an antiseptic solution.
Insert the IV catheter into the vein at a shallow angle.
Once blood return is seen, advance the catheter and secure it in place with adhesive tape or a transparent dressing.
Attach the IV administration set and begin the infusion as prescribed.
Infiltration: IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue.
Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein.
Infection at the insertion site.
Hematoma due to vein puncture.
Air embolism if air enters the bloodstream.
Use aseptic technique during insertion.
Select the appropriate catheter size.
Rotate the IV site every 72-96 hours if continuous therapy is required.
Monitor the IV site regularly for signs of complications.
Educate patients on what to report, such as pain, swelling, or redness at the site.
The date and time of insertion.
The vein used and the size of the catheter.
Patient’s response to the procedure.
Any complications encountered during insertion.
Instructions provided to the patient.
Conclusion
Peripheral IV line insertion is a fundamental nursing skill that plays a vital role in patient care. Understanding the indications, procedure, and potential complications, along with maintaining strict adherence to aseptic technique, can help ensure successful insertion and minimize risks. Proper documentation further supports effective communication and continuity of care.
