What is Pericarditis?
Pericarditis is an
inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause chest pain and is often associated with a variety of underlying health issues such as infections, autoimmune disorders, and heart surgery.
What are the Symptoms of Pericarditis?
The primary symptom of pericarditis is sharp, stabbing chest pain that may also feel like a dull ache. This pain is usually located behind the sternum or on the left side of the chest and can spread to the neck, shoulders, or back. Other symptoms include
fever, weakness, difficulty breathing, and palpitations.
How is Pericarditis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of pericarditis often involves a combination of
patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Clinicians may listen for a pericardial friction rub with a stethoscope. Diagnostic tests such as an
ECG, echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and blood tests can help confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
What are the Causes of Pericarditis?
Pericarditis can be caused by a variety of factors, including
viral infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections, or as a complication of a heart attack. Other causes include autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and trauma to the chest.
What are the Treatment Options for Pericarditis?
Treatment of pericarditis depends on its underlying cause. Common treatments include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (
NSAIDs) like ibuprofen to reduce inflammation and pain. In more severe cases, corticosteroids or colchicine may be prescribed. If an infection is present, appropriate antibiotics or antifungal medications will be used.
How Can Pericarditis be Prevented?
Prevention of pericarditis involves addressing underlying risk factors. This includes prompt treatment of infections, managing chronic diseases effectively, and avoiding injury to the chest. For those with recurrent pericarditis, long-term medication such as colchicine may be recommended to prevent further episodes.
What are the Complications of Pericarditis?
While pericarditis is often self-limiting, potential complications can include
pericardial effusion (fluid accumulation around the heart) and chronic constrictive pericarditis, which can affect heart function. Rarely, cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening condition, can occur, requiring immediate medical intervention.
What Lifestyle Changes Can Aid Recovery?
Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can significantly aid recovery and reduce the risk of recurrence. This includes maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress effectively.
When Should You Seek Medical Attention?
Prompt medical attention should be sought if you experience severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, or signs of cardiac tamponade such as lightheadedness or fainting. Early intervention can prevent complications and improve outcomes.
