What is Oxygen Therapy?
Oxygen therapy is a medical intervention that provides additional oxygen to patients who are unable to get enough oxygen on their own. This treatment is essential for patients with conditions such as
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or heart failure. Nurses play a vital role in administering and managing oxygen therapy.
Types of Oxygen Delivery Systems
Several types of delivery systems are used in oxygen therapy, each suited for different patient needs and clinical settings. Here are the most common ones: Nasal Cannula: This is a lightweight tube with two prongs that fit into the nostrils. It's used for patients who need low levels of supplemental oxygen.
Simple Face Mask: This mask covers the nose and mouth, delivering a higher concentration of oxygen than a nasal cannula.
Venturi Mask: This mask allows for precise control of oxygen concentration, making it suitable for patients who need a specific oxygen level.
Non-Rebreather Mask: This mask is used for delivering high concentrations of oxygen and has a reservoir bag attached.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula: This system delivers a high flow of oxygen and is often used in intensive care settings.
Verify the physician's order for the oxygen therapy, including the flow rate and delivery method.
Check the oxygen source, whether it's a concentrator, cylinder, or wall outlet, and ensure it's functioning properly.
Assemble the necessary equipment, such as the oxygen tubing, humidifier (if required), and delivery device.
Connect the tubing to the oxygen source and adjust the flow rate as prescribed.
Place the delivery device on the patient and ensure it fits correctly.
Monitoring and Safety Considerations
Nurses must continuously monitor patients receiving oxygen therapy to ensure its effectiveness and safety. Monitor the patient's
oxygen saturation levels using a pulse oximeter.
Observe for signs of hypoxia, such as confusion, restlessness, or cyanosis.
Check the equipment regularly for leaks or malfunctions.
Ensure humidification if the patient is on high-flow oxygen to prevent dryness and irritation.
Educate patients and their families about the safe use of oxygen, including not smoking near oxygen sources.
Potential Complications
While oxygen therapy is generally safe, there are potential complications that nurses should be aware of: Oxygen Toxicity: Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen can damage lung tissue.
Retrolental Fibroplasia: This is a risk for premature infants receiving high levels of oxygen.
Fire Hazard: Oxygen supports combustion, so it's crucial to keep it away from flames and heat sources.
Dryness and Irritation: High-flow oxygen can dry out mucous membranes, necessitating humidification.
Patient Education
Educating patients and their families about oxygen therapy is a crucial aspect of nursing care. Key points to cover include: The importance of adhering to the prescribed oxygen flow rate.
Proper use and maintenance of oxygen equipment.
Safety precautions, such as avoiding open flames and not smoking near oxygen sources.
Recognizing signs of complications and when to seek medical help.
