What are Oral Tablets and Capsules?
Oral tablets and capsules are solid dosage forms of medication designed for oral ingestion. Tablets are usually made by compressing active ingredients with various excipients, while capsules typically consist of a gelatin shell containing the active ingredient in powder or liquid form.
Why are Oral Tablets and Capsules Commonly Prescribed?
Oral tablets and capsules are popular because they are convenient to administer, have a longer shelf life, and are easy to dose accurately. They can also be formulated to release medication immediately or over an extended period.
How to Administer Oral Tablets and Capsules?
Proper administration involves ensuring the patient swallows the medication with a full glass of water to prevent it from getting stuck in the esophagus. Nurses should verify the patient’s ability to swallow and confirm they are taking the appropriate dose at the correct time.
What are the Nursing Considerations?
Nurses must consider the patient’s overall health, including any difficulty swallowing, allergies, and potential interactions with other medications. It's essential to educate patients on how to take their medication effectively and recognize any adverse effects.
What are the Side Effects?
Side effects can vary depending on the medication but may include gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, or dizziness. Nurses should monitor patients for any adverse reactions and report them to the healthcare provider.
How to Handle Special Populations?
In pediatric and geriatric populations, as well as patients with swallowing difficulties, nurses might need to crush tablets or open capsules (if safe to do so) and mix them with food or drink. Always check with a pharmacist before altering the form of the medication.
What are Sustained Release and Enteric-Coated Tablets?
Sustained-release tablets are designed to release the active ingredient slowly over time, reducing the frequency of dosing. Enteric-coated tablets have a special coating that prevents them from dissolving in the stomach, thus protecting the stomach lining and ensuring the medication is released in the intestines.
How to Store Oral Tablets and Capsules?
Medications should be stored in a cool, dry place away from light. Nurses should ensure that medications are stored according to the manufacturer’s guidelines to maintain their efficacy and safety.
What to Do in Case of a Missed Dose?
If a patient misses a dose, they should take it as soon as they remember, unless it is almost time for the next dose. They should not double up on doses. Nurses should educate patients on the importance of adhering to their medication schedule.
How to Educate Patients?
Patient education is crucial. Nurses should instruct patients on the proper way to take their medication, potential side effects, and what to do if they miss a dose. Providing written instructions and using teach-back methods can enhance understanding and compliance.
Conclusion
Administering oral tablets and capsules is a fundamental aspect of nursing care. Understanding the proper techniques, potential complications, and patient education can significantly impact treatment outcomes and patient safety. Always consult with healthcare providers and pharmacists when in doubt.
