Introduction to Oral Tablets
Oral tablets are a common form of medication administration in nursing. They are designed for oral consumption and are typically solid, compact, and contain specific doses of active ingredients. Understanding the proper administration, potential side effects, and patient education surrounding oral tablets is crucial for effective nursing practice.What are Oral Tablets?
Oral tablets are solid forms of medication that are taken by mouth. They can be made in various shapes, sizes, and types, including immediate-release, extended-release, and chewable forms. They can also be coated to protect the stomach or to ensure the medication is released at the right time in the digestive system.
How to Administer Oral Tablets
Proper administration of oral tablets involves several steps:
1. Verify the medication order: Ensure the correct medication, dose, and time.
2. Check for allergies: Before administering any medication, verify if the patient has any known allergies.
3. Prepare the medication: Use clean hands and equipment. Avoid touching the tablet directly to maintain hygiene.
4. Educate the patient: Explain the purpose of the medication, how to take it, and any potential side effects.
5. Administer the tablet: Offer a glass of water to help the patient swallow the tablet easily.
6. Document the administration: Record the time, dose, and any patient reactions or comments.Common Types of Oral Tablets
- Immediate-Release Tablets: Designed to dissolve quickly and release the active ingredient into the bloodstream immediately.
- Extended-Release Tablets: Formulated to release the medication slowly over time, reducing the need for frequent dosing.
- Enteric-Coated Tablets: Coated to prevent dissolution in the stomach, protecting the stomach lining or the medication itself until it reaches the intestines.
- Chewable Tablets: Designed to be chewed before swallowing, often used for children or patients who have difficulty swallowing pills.Potential Side Effects
Oral tablets can cause various side effects, ranging from mild to severe:
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation.
- Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
- Systemic Effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, or headaches.
Nurses should monitor patients for any adverse reactions and report them immediately to the prescribing healthcare provider.Patient Education
Educating patients about their medication is a critical role for nurses:
- Importance of Adherence: Explain why it is important to take the medication as prescribed, without missing doses.
- How to Take the Medication: Provide instructions on whether the tablet should be taken with food or on an empty stomach, and advise against crushing or splitting tablets unless directed.
- Storage Instructions: Inform patients on how to store their medication properly, away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight.Special Considerations
- Elderly Patients: May have difficulty swallowing tablets, requiring alternative forms of medication or assistance.
- Pediatric Patients: Often require chewable tablets or liquid forms due to difficulty with swallowing.
- Patients with Dysphagia: May need crushed tablets or alternative routes of administration.Conclusion
Oral tablets are a foundational element of medication administration in nursing. Proper technique, patient education, and vigilance for side effects are essential components of effective nursing care. By staying informed and attentive, nurses can ensure safe and effective use of oral tablets for their patients.
