What is Oral Ketoconazole?
Oral
ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi by disrupting their cell membranes. It is especially useful in treating systemic mycoses and superficial infections where other treatments have failed.
Indications
Oral ketoconazole is indicated for the treatment of systemic fungal infections such as
candidiasis, blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis. It is also sometimes used for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and to treat severe fungal infections that are not responsive to topical treatments.
Dosage and Administration
The dosage of oral ketoconazole varies depending on the type and severity of the infection. Typically, the dosage ranges from 200 to 400 mg per day, taken with food to improve absorption. It's crucial to follow the prescribed regimen strictly to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and to prevent resistance.Side Effects
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. More serious side effects may include liver toxicity, adrenal insufficiency, and severe allergic reactions. Nurses should monitor patients closely for any signs of these adverse effects and report them to the healthcare provider immediately.Contraindications
Oral ketoconazole is contraindicated in patients with liver disease due to its hepatotoxic potential. It should also be avoided in patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary. Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to ketoconazole or any of its components should not take this medication.Drug Interactions
Oral ketoconazole can interact with a variety of medications including antacids, H2 antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors, which can reduce its absorption. It also has significant interactions with other drugs metabolized by the
cytochrome P450 enzyme system, potentially leading to increased levels of these drugs and heightened risk of toxicity.
Monitoring and Nursing Considerations
Nurses should monitor liver function tests regularly due to the risk of hepatotoxicity. Patients should be educated about the signs and symptoms of liver damage such as jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored stools. Additionally, nurses should ensure that patients understand the importance of adhering to the prescribed dosage and regimen.Patient Education
Patients should be informed to take ketoconazole with food to enhance absorption and to avoid consuming alcohol during treatment due to the increased risk of liver damage. They should also be advised to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.Conclusion
Oral ketoconazole is a potent antifungal medication with a specific set of indications, side effects, and contraindications. Effective nursing care involves diligent monitoring, patient education, and adherence to safety protocols to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients undergoing treatment with this medication.
