What are Ointments?
Ointments are semi-solid preparations used for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. They have a greasy texture and are primarily used to deliver medications directly to the affected area, providing either a protective or therapeutic effect.
Types of Ointments
There are several types of ointments, categorized based on their base composition and purpose: Hydrocarbon (Oleaginous) Bases: These are greasy and occlusive, making them ideal for conditions requiring hydration and protection.
Absorption Bases: These allow incorporation of aqueous solutions, making them useful for both hydrating and medicating the skin.
Water-Removable Bases: These are more cosmetically acceptable as they can be easily washed off with water.
Water-Soluble Bases: These are non-greasy and wash off easily, suitable for applications where a non-occlusive dressing is needed.
Common Uses of Ointments in Nursing
Ointments are used in various clinical settings for multiple purposes: Wound Care: Ointments can provide a protective barrier, preventing infection and promoting healing.
Skin Conditions: They are often used to treat conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis.
Pain Relief: Certain medicated ointments contain analgesics to relieve localized pain.
Anti-inflammatory: Ointments containing corticosteroids or NSAIDs are used to reduce inflammation.
Application Techniques for Nurses
Proper application of ointments is crucial for their effectiveness: Hand Hygiene: Always wash hands before and after applying ointments to prevent contamination.
Clean the Affected Area: Ensure the skin or mucous membrane is clean and dry before application.
Use an Applicator: When possible, use a spatula or a glove to apply the ointment to avoid direct hand contact.
Apply Evenly: Spread a thin layer of ointment evenly over the affected area.
Cover if Necessary: Depending on the type of ointment and the condition being treated, you may need to cover the area with a sterile dressing.
Precautions and Contraindications
Nurses need to be aware of certain precautions when using ointments: Allergies: Check for any known allergies to the ointment's ingredients.
Systemic Absorption: Be cautious with large amounts or prolonged use, as systemic absorption can occur.
Open Wounds: Some ointments may not be suitable for use on open or deep wounds.
Infection: Avoid using certain ointments if there is a pre-existing infection unless specifically indicated.
Storage and Handling of Ointments
Proper storage and handling are essential to maintain the efficacy of ointments: Temperature: Store ointments at the recommended temperature, usually at room temperature unless otherwise specified.
Avoid Contamination: Keep the container tightly closed and avoid direct contact with the ointment inside the jar or tube.
Expiration Date: Always check the expiration date before use and dispose of any expired products.
Patient Education
Educating patients on the proper use of ointments is a vital part of nursing care: Usage Instructions: Provide clear instructions on how to apply the ointment, including frequency and duration of use.
Side Effects: Inform patients about possible side effects and advise them to report any unusual reactions.
Storage: Educate patients on proper storage to ensure the ointment remains effective.
