What is Influenza?
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The flu can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to hospitalization and death. The best way to prevent the flu is by getting vaccinated each year.
Signs and Symptoms
Flu symptoms usually come on suddenly. People who have the flu often feel some or all of these symptoms: Fever or feeling feverish/chills
Cough
Sore throat
Runny or stuffy nose
Muscle or body aches
Headaches
Fatigue (tiredness)
Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults.
Transmission
Influenza viruses spread mainly by tiny droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. Less often, a person might get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes.Prevention
The most effective way to prevent the flu is through annual vaccination with the
influenza vaccine. Other preventive measures include:
Frequent handwashing with soap and water
Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers
Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing
Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and objects that may be contaminated with flu viruses
Role of Nurses in Influenza Management
Nurses play a critical role in the management of influenza. Their responsibilities include: Administering the influenza vaccine
Educating patients and communities about flu prevention and treatment
Identifying and isolating patients with flu symptoms to prevent further spread
Providing supportive care to alleviate symptoms
Monitoring for complications, especially in high-risk patients such as the elderly, young children, and those with chronic medical conditions
Treatment
Most people with the flu have mild illness and do not need medical care or antiviral drugs. If you get sick with flu symptoms, in most cases, you should stay home and avoid contact with other people except to get medical care. However, high-risk patients may require antiviral medications, such as
oseltamivir or
zanamivir, which can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if taken within 48 hours of symptom onset.
Complications
Complications of the flu can include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, and worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes. Nurses must be vigilant in monitoring patients for these complications and provide appropriate interventions promptly.Conclusion
Influenza remains a significant public health challenge. Nurses are on the frontline in the fight against the flu, providing care, education, and preventive measures to reduce its impact. Annual vaccination, good hygiene practices, and prompt treatment of symptoms are key strategies in managing and preventing influenza.
