Temperature: 97°F to 99°F (36.1°C to 37.2°C)
Pulse: 60 to 100 beats per minute
Respiratory Rate: 12 to 20 breaths per minute
Blood Pressure: Systolic
Medication Administration
Q: What are the "Five Rights" of medication administration?
A: Right Patient
Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time
Wound Care
Q: What are the stages of pressure ulcers?
A: Stage I: Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin
Stage II: Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
Stage III: Full-thickness skin loss
Stage IV: Full-thickness skin and tissue loss
Unstageable: Obscured full-thickness skin and tissue loss
Infection Control
Q: What are standard precautions in infection control?
A: Hand hygiene
Use of personal protective equipment (PPE): gloves, gowns, masks, eye protection
Safe injection practices
Cleaning and disinfection of patient care equipment
Cardiovascular System
Q: What is the difference between angina and a myocardial infarction?
A: Angina: Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart, typically relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
Myocardial Infarction: Also known as a heart attack, it occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies.
Respiratory System
Q: What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
A: Cough with or without sputum
Fever, chills
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Fatigue
Neurological System
Q: What are the early signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
A:Renal System
Q: What are the primary functions of the kidneys?
A: Filtration of blood to remove waste products
Regulation of blood pressure
Maintenance of electrolyte balance
Regulation of acid-base balance
Endocrine System
Q: What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?
A: Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow-healing wounds
Emergency Care
Q: What is the initial assessment in an emergency situation?
A: Airway: Ensure airway is open
Breathing: Check for breathing
Circulation: Check for pulse and signs of circulation
Disability: Assess level of consciousness
Exposure: Check for visible injuries or abnormalities
Utilizing these flashcards can significantly enhance a nursing student's understanding and retention of essential information, facilitating better performance in both examinations and clinical practice.
