What is an Endotracheal Tube?
An
endotracheal tube (ETT) is a flexible plastic tube inserted into the trachea through the mouth or nose to maintain an open airway, deliver oxygen, and administer certain medications. It is commonly used in critical care, emergency situations, and during general anesthesia.
Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation
During surgery under
general anesthesia Severe trauma or injury necessitating airway management
Inability to protect the airway due to decreased consciousness
Pre-oxygenation of the patient
Administering sedatives and paralytics if necessary
Using a laryngoscope to visualize the vocal cords
Inserting the tube through the vocal cords into the trachea
Inflating the cuff to secure the tube
Confirming placement through auscultation and chest X-ray
Monitoring the patient’s
respiratory status and vital signs
Ensuring the tube is securely positioned and not dislodged
Performing regular oral care to prevent
ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
Suctioning the tube to clear secretions and maintain patency
Communicating any changes in the patient’s condition to the healthcare team
Infection such as VAP
Trauma to the airway during insertion
Tube displacement or blockage
Tracheal stenosis or damage due to prolonged intubation
Unintended extubation
Assessing the patient's readiness for extubation
Suctioning the airway to clear secretions
Deflating the cuff
Gently removing the tube while the patient exhales
Monitoring the patient closely for any signs of respiratory distress
Conclusion
Endotracheal tubes are a critical component in the management of patients with compromised airways. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the indications, insertion techniques, nursing care, potential complications, and extubation procedures associated with ETTs to provide optimal patient care. Continuous education and training are essential to ensure the highest standards of
patient safety and care quality.
