What is Dextromethorphan?
Dextromethorphan is a common over-the-counter (OTC) medication used to suppress
cough. It is frequently found in many cough and cold preparations. This medication acts on the brain to decrease the urge to cough and is often recommended for non-productive coughs.
Mechanism of Action
Dextromethorphan works by affecting the signals in the brain that trigger the cough reflex. It is a
cough suppressant that belongs to the morphinan class of medications but does not act as a narcotic. It blocks the NMDA receptors in the brain, which helps in reducing the urge to cough.
Indications for Use
This medication is primarily indicated for the treatment of non-productive cough, which is a cough that does not produce
mucus, phlegm, or sputum. It is not recommended for chronic coughs associated with smoking, asthma, or other long-term breathing problems unless directed by a healthcare provider.
Dosage and Administration
Dextromethorphan is available in various forms, including
syrups, lozenges, and tablets. The dosage depends on the form and the patient's age. For adults and children over 12 years, the usual dose is 10-20mg every 4 hours or 30mg every 6-8 hours, not exceeding 120mg in 24 hours. It is essential to follow the specific dosing instructions provided with the product or as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
Side Effects
Common side effects of dextromethorphan include dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. Serious side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions such as rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, and trouble breathing. If any severe side effects occur, immediate medical attention is required. Drug Interactions
Dextromethorphan can interact with other medications, which may enhance or diminish its effects. It is crucial to avoid combining it with MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, or other medications that can affect serotonin levels due to the risk of
serotonin syndrome. Patients should always inform their healthcare provider of all medications and supplements they are taking.
Special Considerations in Nursing
Nurses play a vital role in educating patients about the correct use of dextromethorphan. They should emphasize the importance of reading labels, adhering to prescribed dosages, and recognizing potential side effects and drug interactions. Monitoring for signs of misuse or abuse is also crucial as dextromethorphan can be misused for its psychoactive effects.
Patient Education
Patients should be instructed to take dextromethorphan as directed and not to exceed the recommended dosage. Nurses should explain the importance of avoiding alcohol and other CNS depressants while taking this medication. Patients should also be advised to stay hydrated and seek medical advice if the cough persists for more than a week, is recurrent, or is accompanied by other symptoms like fever, rash, or persistent headache.
Conclusion
Dextromethorphan is a widely used cough suppressant that is generally safe when used as directed. However, like all medications, it comes with potential risks and side effects. Nurses should ensure patients are well-informed about its use, potential interactions, and the importance of following the recommended dosage to manage their symptoms effectively and safely.
